Bitcoin Mining Calculator
Calculate Bitcoin mining profitability based on hash rate, power consumption, electricity costs, and current BTC price. 2026 mining profitability analysis.
Mining Hardware
Costs & Pricing
Net Daily Profit
-$-0.84
Earnings by Time Period
| Period | BTC Mined | Revenue | Electricity | Profit |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Daily | 0.00012857 | $7.71 | -$8.40 | $-0.84 |
| Monthly | 0.003857 | $231.43 | -$252.00 | $-25.20 |
| Yearly | 0.0469 | $2,815.71 | -$3,066.00 | $-306.60 |
Network Statistics (2026)
Warning: Mining Not Profitable
At your current electricity rate of $0.10/kWh, mining operates at a loss of $25.20/month. Consider: reducing electricity costs (need below ~$0.08/kWh for profitability), using more efficient hardware, or simply buying BTC instead.
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Important Notes
- -These are estimates only. Actual mining results vary due to luck, pool performance, and network conditions.
- -Network difficulty and BTC price change constantly. Recalculate regularly for accurate projections.
- -Additional costs (cooling, maintenance, hosting) are not included. Factor these into your real-world analysis.
- -Mining income is taxable. Track your earnings for tax reporting purposes.
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About This Calculator
Bitcoin mining has evolved from a hobbyist activity on personal computers to a multi-billion dollar industry dominated by specialized hardware and massive facilities. As of 2026, the Bitcoin network hashrate exceeds 700 EH/s (exahashes per second), with mining difficulty at all-time highs following the April 2024 halving that reduced block rewards to 3.125 BTC. This Bitcoin Mining Calculator helps you determine whether mining is profitable for your specific situation by analyzing hash rate, power consumption, electricity costs, and current Bitcoin prices against network difficulty.
The economics of Bitcoin mining are brutally competitive. The halving events that occur every four years cut miner rewards in half, while network difficulty adjusts every 2,016 blocks (approximately two weeks) to maintain roughly 10-minute block times. After the 2024 halving, miners earn 3.125 BTC per block plus transaction fees, down from 6.25 BTC. With electricity typically representing 70-80% of operating costs, even small differences in power rates dramatically impact profitability. This calculator models these complex dynamics to show your expected daily, monthly, and yearly returns.
Whether you're evaluating a new ASIC miner purchase, comparing electricity rate options, or assessing the viability of a mining operation, understanding these numbers before investing is critical. Many prospective miners discover that at current difficulty levels and typical electricity rates, home mining often operates at a loss unless you have access to extremely cheap power (under $0.05/kWh) or are in it for the long-term Bitcoin accumulation strategy.
Trusted Sources
How to Use the Bitcoin Mining Calculator
- 1Enter your mining hardware hash rate in TH/s (terahashes per second). Check your miner specifications - for example, an Antminer S21 provides approximately 200 TH/s.
- 2Input your miner power consumption in watts. This is listed in your hardware specs - the S21 uses about 3,500W. Include any additional power for cooling if applicable.
- 3Enter your electricity cost per kilowatt-hour (kWh). Check your utility bill - US average is around $0.12/kWh, but industrial rates and renewable energy can be much lower.
- 4Add your mining pool fee percentage. Most pools charge 1-3%. Solo mining is possible but requires immense hashrate to find blocks regularly.
- 5Input your hardware cost if calculating ROI and break-even time. Include all equipment: miners, power supplies, cooling systems, and infrastructure.
- 6Enter the current Bitcoin price, or use the auto-updated market price for accurate calculations.
- 7Enable Advanced Mode to model difficulty increase projections and see how profitability changes over time as difficulty rises.
- 8Review the results showing daily, monthly, and yearly projections for BTC mined, revenue, electricity costs, and net profit.
Formula
Daily BTC = (Hash Rate / Network Difficulty) * Block Reward * 144The Bitcoin mining formula calculates expected earnings based on your share of the total network hashrate. Your hash rate represents your mining power in terahashes per second (TH/s). Network difficulty adjusts every 2,016 blocks to maintain approximately 10-minute block times regardless of total network hashrate. The block reward is currently 3.125 BTC after the April 2024 halving. The factor 144 represents the approximate number of blocks mined per day (6 blocks per hour x 24 hours). The actual formula incorporates the difficulty target and your probability of finding a valid block hash, but this simplified version provides accurate estimates for profitability planning. Pool fees typically reduce earnings by 1-3%, and actual results vary due to mining luck and the probabilistic nature of the process.
Understanding Bitcoin Mining Economics in 2026
The Post-Halving Mining Landscape
Following the April 2024 halving, Bitcoin miners face a fundamentally different economic environment. Block rewards dropped from 6.25 BTC to 3.125 BTC, effectively cutting miner revenue in half overnight while operational costs remained constant. This created intense pressure on mining operations, with only the most efficient miners remaining profitable.
Current Mining Economics (2026):
| Metric | Value |
|---|---|
| Block Reward | 3.125 BTC |
| Blocks Per Day | ~144 |
| Daily BTC Mined (Network) | ~450 BTC |
| Network Hashrate | ~700 EH/s |
| Mining Difficulty | ~80 trillion |
| Average Block Time | 10 minutes |
The Efficiency Imperative:
Modern mining profitability depends on three key factors:
-
Hardware Efficiency (J/TH): The latest ASIC miners achieve around 17-20 joules per terahash, compared to 30-40 J/TH just two years ago. Operating older equipment is typically unprofitable at average electricity rates.
-
Electricity Costs: With efficiency gains plateauing, electricity cost becomes the primary competitive differentiator. Operations paying $0.03/kWh operate profitably where those paying $0.10/kWh cannot.
-
Scale Economics: Large operations benefit from bulk equipment purchases, negotiated power rates, and optimized cooling infrastructure that small miners cannot access.
Profitability Reality Check:
At a $60,000 BTC price and $0.10/kWh electricity cost, many consumer-grade mining setups operate at a loss. Calculate your specific situation carefully, factoring in realistic difficulty increase projections of 3-5% monthly. Track your overall crypto profits with our Crypto Profit Calculator to see the full picture.
Bitcoin Mining Hardware Comparison (2026)
ASIC Miner Specifications and Performance
Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) designed exclusively for Bitcoin's SHA-256 algorithm dominate mining. Here's how current-generation hardware compares:
Top Bitcoin ASIC Miners (2026):
| Model | Hash Rate | Power | Efficiency | Est. Price |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bitmain Antminer S21 Hydro | 335 TH/s | 5,360W | 16.0 J/TH | $12,000 |
| Bitmain Antminer S21 | 200 TH/s | 3,500W | 17.5 J/TH | $6,500 |
| MicroBT Whatsminer M60S | 186 TH/s | 3,348W | 18.0 J/TH | $5,800 |
| Bitmain Antminer S19k Pro | 120 TH/s | 2,760W | 23.0 J/TH | $3,200 |
| MicroBT Whatsminer M50S | 126 TH/s | 3,276W | 26.0 J/TH | $2,800 |
| Canaan Avalon A1466 | 150 TH/s | 3,310W | 22.0 J/TH | $3,500 |
Efficiency Evolution:
The improvement in mining efficiency follows a predictable pattern:
- 2018: ~60 J/TH (Antminer S9)
- 2020: ~30 J/TH (Antminer S19)
- 2022: ~21 J/TH (Antminer S19 XP)
- 2024: ~17 J/TH (Antminer S21)
- 2026: ~15 J/TH (Latest hydro-cooled models)
Hardware Selection Factors:
- Upfront Cost vs. Efficiency: More efficient miners cost more but save on electricity over time
- Cooling Requirements: Air-cooled vs. immersion vs. hydro-cooled affects infrastructure costs
- Noise Levels: Consumer models produce 75-85 dB, unsuitable for residential use
- Availability: New models often sell out quickly; used market prices fluctuate with BTC price
- Warranty and Support: Manufacturer warranties typically 180 days to 1 year
Depreciation Consideration:
Mining hardware loses value rapidly as newer, more efficient models release. Budget for 18-24 month useful lifespan when calculating ROI, though equipment may run longer in low-cost electricity environments.
Electricity Costs: The Make-or-Break Factor
Why Power Costs Dominate Mining Economics
Electricity typically represents 70-80% of ongoing mining operational costs. A difference of just $0.02/kWh can mean the difference between profit and loss at current difficulty levels.
Global Electricity Rates for Mining:
| Region | Typical Rate ($/kWh) | Mining Viability |
|---|---|---|
| Venezuela | $0.00 (subsidized) | Highly profitable |
| Kazakhstan | $0.02-0.04 | Very profitable |
| Texas (industrial) | $0.03-0.06 | Profitable |
| Canada (Quebec) | $0.04-0.06 | Profitable |
| Iceland | $0.04-0.05 | Profitable |
| China (now banned) | $0.03-0.05 | Was profitable |
| US Average Residential | $0.12-0.15 | Marginal/Unprofitable |
| California | $0.20-0.30 | Unprofitable |
| Germany | $0.30-0.40 | Unprofitable |
Calculating Your True Electricity Cost:
Your mining electricity cost includes:
- Base rate from utility
- Demand charges (for high-power usage)
- Time-of-use variations
- Taxes and fees
- Additional cooling power (typically 10-30% of miner power)
Power Cost Breakeven Analysis:
At current difficulty and $60,000 BTC, approximate breakeven electricity costs:
- Latest generation (17 J/TH): ~$0.08/kWh
- Previous generation (23 J/TH): ~$0.06/kWh
- Older equipment (30 J/TH): ~$0.045/kWh
Reducing Electricity Costs:
- Negotiate industrial rates: Often 30-50% lower than residential
- Consider demand response programs: Get paid to reduce usage during peak grid demand
- Solar integration: Zero marginal cost power during daylight hours
- Flare gas mining: Convert waste natural gas to electricity on-site
- Behind-the-meter arrangements: Direct agreements with power generators
Calculate your overall investment returns with our ROI Calculator to factor in all costs.
Bitcoin Halving and Difficulty Adjustments
Understanding Bitcoin's Supply Mechanics
Bitcoin's monetary policy is governed by code, with two key mechanisms affecting miners: halvings and difficulty adjustments.
Halving Schedule:
| Halving | Date | Block Reward | Cumulative BTC Mined |
|---|---|---|---|
| Genesis | Jan 2009 | 50 BTC | 0 |
| 1st | Nov 2012 | 25 BTC | 10.5M |
| 2nd | Jul 2016 | 12.5 BTC | 15.75M |
| 3rd | May 2020 | 6.25 BTC | 18.375M |
| 4th | Apr 2024 | 3.125 BTC | 19.6875M |
| 5th | ~2028 | 1.5625 BTC | 20.34375M |
| Final | ~2140 | 0 BTC | 21M |
Post-Halving Market Dynamics:
Historically, Bitcoin price has increased significantly in the 12-18 months following each halving, as reduced new supply meets constant or increasing demand. However, past performance doesn't guarantee future results, and the 2024 halving occurred with different market conditions than previous cycles.
Difficulty Adjustment Mechanism:
The network adjusts difficulty every 2,016 blocks (~2 weeks) to maintain 10-minute average block times:
- If blocks are found faster than 10 minutes, difficulty increases
- If blocks are found slower than 10 minutes, difficulty decreases
- Maximum adjustment per period: +/- 300%
2025-2026 Difficulty Trends:
Post-halving, difficulty initially dropped as less efficient miners went offline, then recovered as BTC price increased. The pattern typically follows:
- Halving occurs, revenue drops 50%
- Marginal miners shut down within weeks
- Difficulty decreases, improving profitability for survivors
- Price appreciation attracts new hashrate
- Difficulty increases to new highs
Planning for Difficulty Increases:
When projecting profitability, model scenarios with:
- Conservative: 3% monthly difficulty increase
- Moderate: 5% monthly difficulty increase
- Aggressive: 8% monthly difficulty increase
These projections significantly impact break-even calculations and should factor into hardware purchase decisions.
Mining Pools vs. Solo Mining
Choosing Your Mining Strategy
With network hashrate exceeding 700 EH/s, the choice between pool and solo mining has significant implications for your mining experience and income consistency.
Solo Mining Reality Check:
| Your Hashrate | % of Network | Avg. Time to Find Block |
|---|---|---|
| 100 TH/s | 0.000014% | 19.8 years |
| 1 PH/s | 0.00014% | 1.98 years |
| 10 PH/s | 0.0014% | 72 days |
| 100 PH/s | 0.014% | 7.2 days |
| 1 EH/s | 0.14% | 17 hours |
Pool Mining Benefits:
- Consistent Income: Regular payouts rather than rare large rewards
- Reduced Variance: Smooths out the probabilistic nature of mining
- Lower Barrier: Any hashrate contributes to pool success
- Infrastructure: Pools handle block propagation and chain monitoring
Major Mining Pools (2026 Market Share):
| Pool | Hashrate Share | Fee | Payout Method |
|---|---|---|---|
| Foundry USA | ~30% | 2.5% | FPPS |
| Antpool | ~18% | 2.5% | PPS+ |
| F2Pool | ~12% | 2.5% | PPS+ |
| Binance Pool | ~11% | 2.5% | FPPS |
| ViaBTC | ~8% | 2% | PPS+ |
| Poolin | ~6% | 2.5% | PPS+ |
Payout Methods Explained:
- PPS (Pay Per Share): Fixed payment per valid share submitted
- FPPS (Full Pay Per Share): PPS plus share of transaction fees
- PPS+: Base PPS with transaction fee bonus
- PPLNS (Pay Per Last N Shares): Payment based on shares in found blocks
Pool Selection Criteria:
- Fee structure and payout method
- Minimum payout threshold
- Server locations (latency affects stale shares)
- Reliability and uptime history
- Transparency and proof of reserves
- Geographic and regulatory considerations
Setting Up a Mining Operation
From Planning to Production
Starting a Bitcoin mining operation requires careful planning across multiple dimensions: hardware, infrastructure, power, and legal considerations.
Infrastructure Requirements:
Electrical:
- 240V circuits for most ASIC miners
- Adequate circuit breaker capacity
- Quality power distribution units (PDUs)
- Surge protection for equipment
- Backup power (UPS/generator) for graceful shutdown
Cooling:
| Method | Cost | Effectiveness | Noise |
|---|---|---|---|
| Air cooling | Low | Limited by ambient temp | High |
| Exhaust fans | Low-Med | Better heat removal | High |
| Immersion cooling | High | Excellent, quiet | Low |
| Hydro cooling | High | Best efficiency | Low |
Environmental Considerations:
- Ambient temperature (ideally 15-25C / 59-77F)
- Humidity control (40-60% relative humidity)
- Dust filtration (prevents miner damage)
- Fire suppression systems (for large operations)
Home Mining Challenges:
- Noise: Single miner produces 75-85 dB (vacuum cleaner to chainsaw)
- Heat: 3,500W miner = 12,000 BTU/hr of heat
- Electrical: May require panel upgrade
- Landlord/HOA restrictions: Many prohibit mining
- Insurance: Standard policies may not cover mining equipment
Commercial Operation Setup:
Larger operations benefit from:
- Purpose-built facilities or retrofitted warehouses
- Direct utility relationships for industrial rates
- On-site technical staff
- Inventory of spare parts
- Remote monitoring and management systems
Legal and Tax Considerations:
Mining income is taxable when received. Calculate your crypto taxes with our Crypto Tax Calculator to understand your obligations. Business structure (LLC, corporation) affects liability and tax treatment.
Mining Profitability Scenarios and Projections
Real-World Mining Economics Analysis
Let's examine concrete profitability scenarios under different conditions using current 2026 market parameters.
Scenario 1: Home Miner - Antminer S21
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Hash Rate | 200 TH/s |
| Power Consumption | 3,500W |
| Electricity Cost | $0.12/kWh |
| Pool Fee | 2% |
| Hardware Cost | $6,500 |
| BTC Price | $60,000 |
Monthly Results:
- BTC Mined: ~0.0089 BTC
- Gross Revenue: ~$534
- Electricity Cost: ~$302
- Pool Fee: ~$11
- Net Profit: ~$221/month
- Break-even: ~29 months
Scenario 2: Industrial Operation
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Hash Rate | 10 PH/s (50 x S21) |
| Power Consumption | 175,000W |
| Electricity Cost | $0.05/kWh |
| Pool Fee | 1.5% |
| Hardware Cost | $325,000 |
| BTC Price | $60,000 |
Monthly Results:
- BTC Mined: ~0.445 BTC
- Gross Revenue: ~$26,700
- Electricity Cost: ~$6,300
- Pool Fee: ~$400
- Net Profit: ~$20,000/month
- Break-even: ~16 months
Scenario 3: High Electricity Cost (Unprofitable)
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| Hash Rate | 200 TH/s |
| Power Consumption | 3,500W |
| Electricity Cost | $0.20/kWh |
| Pool Fee | 2% |
Monthly Results:
- BTC Mined: ~0.0089 BTC
- Gross Revenue: ~$534
- Electricity Cost: ~$504
- Pool Fee: ~$11
- Net Profit: ~$19/month (essentially break-even)
Sensitivity Analysis:
| Electricity Rate | Monthly Profit | Profitable? |
|---|---|---|
| $0.04/kWh | $432 | Yes |
| $0.08/kWh | $331 | Yes |
| $0.12/kWh | $221 | Yes |
| $0.16/kWh | $120 | Marginal |
| $0.20/kWh | $19 | No |
Key Takeaway: At current difficulty, electricity costs above ~$0.08/kWh make home mining marginally profitable at best. Industrial operations with access to $0.04-0.06/kWh power maintain healthy margins.
Pro Tips
- 💡Calculate all-in electricity costs including taxes, fees, and cooling overhead before committing to mining. The difference between $0.08/kWh and $0.12/kWh can determine profitability.
- 💡Use latest-generation ASIC miners (17-20 J/TH efficiency) for the best profitability. Older models become unprofitable as difficulty increases unless you have exceptionally cheap power.
- 💡Model profitability scenarios with 3-5% monthly difficulty increases. Optimistic calculations assuming static difficulty lead to disappointment and losses.
- 💡Join a reputable mining pool with FPPS payout to capture transaction fees. Solo mining is only viable with hashrates exceeding 1 EH/s for reasonable block discovery frequency.
- 💡Consider heat recovery applications - mining heat can supplement home/shop heating, greenhouse warming, or hot water preheating, effectively subsidizing your operation.
- 💡Track all mining income and expenses meticulously for tax purposes. Mining rewards are taxable income at fair market value when received.
- 💡Secure firmware updates from official manufacturer sources only. Malware targeting miners can redirect hashrate to attacker pools.
- 💡Maintain spare parts inventory for critical failures. A single fan failure can destroy a miner through overheating before replacement arrives.
- 💡Evaluate total cost of ownership including hardware depreciation. Plan for 18-24 month equipment lifecycle as newer, more efficient models release.
- 💡Research your utility for industrial rates, demand response programs, or renewable energy options that could significantly reduce electricity costs.
Frequently Asked Questions
Bitcoin mining profitability in 2026 depends heavily on your electricity cost and hardware efficiency. After the April 2024 halving reduced block rewards to 3.125 BTC, only operations with electricity costs below approximately $0.08/kWh typically remain profitable with latest-generation hardware. At US average residential rates of $0.12/kWh, margins are thin and depend on BTC price appreciation. Industrial operations with $0.03-0.05/kWh power costs remain highly profitable. Key factors: use latest-generation ASIC miners (17-20 J/TH efficiency), secure the lowest possible electricity rate, join efficient mining pools, and model conservative difficulty increase projections. Home mining can be profitable for accumulating BTC long-term if you have cheap power, but immediate profitability often requires industrial-scale advantages.
